This presentation was made by Elena PECHAN, Ministry of Finance, Belarus, at the 15th Annual Meeting of OECD-CESEE Senior Budget Officials held in Minsk, Belarus, on 4-5 July 2019
CBO’s analyses of the distribution of household income and federal taxes are based on administrative tax data from the Internal Revenue Service’s Statistics of Income (SOI) and on household survey data from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS). Those two data sources contain complementary information. The SOI data contain detailed income information for those who file taxes each year but lack information for those who do not file taxes; the data also lack information about nontaxable sources of income. The CPS data contain information about a wide range of nontaxable sources of income for all U.S. households, regardless of whether they file tax returns in a given year.
By statistically combining the information from those two sources, CBO creates a comprehensive database of income sources for all U.S. households to serve as the foundation for its distributional analyses. This presentation provides an overview of the algorithm that CBO uses to statistically match the SOI and CPS data, and it provides some summary statistics on the characteristics of nonfiling tax units.
Presentation by Kevin Perese, an analyst in CBO's Tax Analysis Division, at a Washington Center for Equitable Growth workshop on distributional national accounts.
Forecast and Analysis of Corporate Income Tax - François Ecalle, FranceOECD Governance
This presentation was made by François Ecalle, Haut Conseil des Finances Publiques, France, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
This presentation was made by Elena PECHAN, Ministry of Finance, Belarus, at the 15th Annual Meeting of OECD-CESEE Senior Budget Officials held in Minsk, Belarus, on 4-5 July 2019
CBO’s analyses of the distribution of household income and federal taxes are based on administrative tax data from the Internal Revenue Service’s Statistics of Income (SOI) and on household survey data from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS). Those two data sources contain complementary information. The SOI data contain detailed income information for those who file taxes each year but lack information for those who do not file taxes; the data also lack information about nontaxable sources of income. The CPS data contain information about a wide range of nontaxable sources of income for all U.S. households, regardless of whether they file tax returns in a given year.
By statistically combining the information from those two sources, CBO creates a comprehensive database of income sources for all U.S. households to serve as the foundation for its distributional analyses. This presentation provides an overview of the algorithm that CBO uses to statistically match the SOI and CPS data, and it provides some summary statistics on the characteristics of nonfiling tax units.
Presentation by Kevin Perese, an analyst in CBO's Tax Analysis Division, at a Washington Center for Equitable Growth workshop on distributional national accounts.
Forecast and Analysis of Corporate Income Tax - François Ecalle, FranceOECD Governance
This presentation was made by François Ecalle, Haut Conseil des Finances Publiques, France, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
Federal spending for highways, which takes place largely through grants to state and local governments, has equaled a fairly stable percentage of gross domestic product over the past 30 years. Since 2001, that spending has exceeded the revenues from fuel and other taxes that are credited to the Highway Trust Fund for highway programs. Policymakers have various options for changing the ways in which the federal government spends on highways and raises money to fund those expenditures.
This presentation provides an overview of the Congressional Budget Office’s most recent budget and economic projections, which were published on January 28. In those projections, the federal budget deficit is about $900 billion in 2019 and exceeds $1 trillion each year beginning in 2022. Because of persistently large deficits, federal debt held by the public is projected to grow steadily, reaching 93 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2029.
Real GDP is projected to grow by 2.3 percent in 2019—down from 3.1 percent in 2018—as the effects of the 2017 tax act on the growth of business investment wane and federal purchases decline sharply in the fourth quarter of the year. Economic growth is projected to slow to an average of 1.7 percent through 2023 and to average 1.8 percent from 2024 to 2029.
Presentation by Christina Hawley Anthony, Chief of the Projections Unit in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, Robert Arnold, Chief of the Projections Unit in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, and Joshua Shakin, Chief of the Revenue Estimating Unit in CBO’s Tax Analysis Division, at a joint seminar with the Congressional Research Service.
If current laws governing taxes and spending did not change, the condition of the federal budget would worsen considerably over the next three decades. Growth in federal spending would continue to outpace growth in federal revenues, leading to ever larger budget deficits.
Federal spending is projected to rise noticeably in relation to the economy because of growth in spending in Social Security, the major health programs, and interest on the government’s debt. Federal revenues would also increase if current laws remained generally unchanged, but they would increase much more slowly than federal spending.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the 19th annual meeting of the Retirement Research Consortium.
This presentation was made by Panagiotis Liargovas, Parliamentary Budget Office, Greece, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
Presentation on ensuring alignment between policy planning and financial planning: experience from Slovenia, Katja Lautar, SIGMA expert, joint SIGMA-ReSPA PIFC regional conference for EU candidate countries and potential candidates, Skopje, 19 September 2019.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, CBO’s Assistant Director for Macroeconomic Analysis, at the University of Michigan’s 63rd Annual Economic Outlook Conference.
Under current law, CBO expects economic activity to expand modestly this year, to grow at a more solid pace in 2016 and 2017, and then to moderate in subsequent years.
On April 26, 2016, CBO Director Keith Hall discussed CBO’s role in the Congressional budget process and its recent economic and budget projections with members of American University’s Department of Economics.
CBO anticipates that the economy will expand solidly this year and next. Increases in demand for goods and services are expected to reduce the quantity of underused labor and capital, or “slack,” in the economy—reducing the unemployment rate and pushing up compensation. That reduction in slack will also push up inflation and interest rates. Over the following years, CBO projects, output will grow at a more modest pace, constrained by relatively slow growth in the nation’s supply of labor. Nevertheless, in those later years, output is anticipated to grow more quickly than it has during the past decade.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
Presentation by Megan Carroll, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Budget Formulation and Execution Line of Business’s Fall Forum.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. This presentation makes key points related to CBO’ cost estimates for proposed legislation and how they relate to budget enforcement procedures.
CBO's Contribution to Fiscal Transparency - Bob Sunshine, United StatesOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Bob Sunshine, US Congressional Budget Office, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
Presentation by Jim Langley, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, to the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, National Farmers Union, and the American Farm Bureau Federation.
The 2014 Farm Bill will expire in 2018. This presentation reviews CBO’s August 2016 agriculture baseline, including spending outlook and program participation projections, in anticipation of the next farm bill debate. The focus is on issues which could affect spending on commodity, conservation, and crop insurance programs.
This presentation was made by Jon Magnusson, Parliament of Iceland, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
SBO-PBO-IFI-april-2016
Federal spending for highways, which takes place largely through grants to state and local governments, has equaled a fairly stable percentage of gross domestic product over the past 30 years. Since 2001, that spending has exceeded the revenues from fuel and other taxes that are credited to the Highway Trust Fund for highway programs. Policymakers have various options for changing the ways in which the federal government spends on highways and raises money to fund those expenditures.
This presentation provides an overview of the Congressional Budget Office’s most recent budget and economic projections, which were published on January 28. In those projections, the federal budget deficit is about $900 billion in 2019 and exceeds $1 trillion each year beginning in 2022. Because of persistently large deficits, federal debt held by the public is projected to grow steadily, reaching 93 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2029.
Real GDP is projected to grow by 2.3 percent in 2019—down from 3.1 percent in 2018—as the effects of the 2017 tax act on the growth of business investment wane and federal purchases decline sharply in the fourth quarter of the year. Economic growth is projected to slow to an average of 1.7 percent through 2023 and to average 1.8 percent from 2024 to 2029.
Presentation by Christina Hawley Anthony, Chief of the Projections Unit in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, Robert Arnold, Chief of the Projections Unit in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, and Joshua Shakin, Chief of the Revenue Estimating Unit in CBO’s Tax Analysis Division, at a joint seminar with the Congressional Research Service.
If current laws governing taxes and spending did not change, the condition of the federal budget would worsen considerably over the next three decades. Growth in federal spending would continue to outpace growth in federal revenues, leading to ever larger budget deficits.
Federal spending is projected to rise noticeably in relation to the economy because of growth in spending in Social Security, the major health programs, and interest on the government’s debt. Federal revenues would also increase if current laws remained generally unchanged, but they would increase much more slowly than federal spending.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the 19th annual meeting of the Retirement Research Consortium.
This presentation was made by Panagiotis Liargovas, Parliamentary Budget Office, Greece, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
Presentation on ensuring alignment between policy planning and financial planning: experience from Slovenia, Katja Lautar, SIGMA expert, joint SIGMA-ReSPA PIFC regional conference for EU candidate countries and potential candidates, Skopje, 19 September 2019.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, CBO’s Assistant Director for Macroeconomic Analysis, at the University of Michigan’s 63rd Annual Economic Outlook Conference.
Under current law, CBO expects economic activity to expand modestly this year, to grow at a more solid pace in 2016 and 2017, and then to moderate in subsequent years.
On April 26, 2016, CBO Director Keith Hall discussed CBO’s role in the Congressional budget process and its recent economic and budget projections with members of American University’s Department of Economics.
CBO anticipates that the economy will expand solidly this year and next. Increases in demand for goods and services are expected to reduce the quantity of underused labor and capital, or “slack,” in the economy—reducing the unemployment rate and pushing up compensation. That reduction in slack will also push up inflation and interest rates. Over the following years, CBO projects, output will grow at a more modest pace, constrained by relatively slow growth in the nation’s supply of labor. Nevertheless, in those later years, output is anticipated to grow more quickly than it has during the past decade.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
Presentation by Megan Carroll, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Budget Formulation and Execution Line of Business’s Fall Forum.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. This presentation makes key points related to CBO’ cost estimates for proposed legislation and how they relate to budget enforcement procedures.
CBO's Contribution to Fiscal Transparency - Bob Sunshine, United StatesOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Bob Sunshine, US Congressional Budget Office, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
Presentation by Jim Langley, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, to the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, National Farmers Union, and the American Farm Bureau Federation.
The 2014 Farm Bill will expire in 2018. This presentation reviews CBO’s August 2016 agriculture baseline, including spending outlook and program participation projections, in anticipation of the next farm bill debate. The focus is on issues which could affect spending on commodity, conservation, and crop insurance programs.
This presentation was made by Jon Magnusson, Parliament of Iceland, at the 8th meeting of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Paris on 11-12 April 2016.
SBO-PBO-IFI-april-2016
The Country Profiles on SDG localization present a brief analysis of the national strategies, coordination mechanisms and reporting processes related to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Most importantly, they highlight the involvement and, in many cases, the leading role of local and regional governments towards the localization of the SDGs.
Presentation Scoreboard Launch_29 March 2022.pptxOECDregions
he COVID-19 crisis caused profound disruptions in the global economy, with SMEs and entrepreneurs, particularly hard hit. Swift measures implemented by governments and public financial institutions provided a crucial lifeline for liquidity-strapped SMEs. The 10th edition of Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2022: An OECD Scoreboard sheds light on the impacts of the crisis on SME finance, tracking the latest developments in debt, equity, asset-based finance, and framework conditions, along with recent policy developments for 48 countries around the world. It shows that lending continued to flow to SMEs during the pandemic, with unprecedented growth in outstanding SME loans. What is more, credit conditions relaxed significantly: interest rates registered record lows, interest rate spreads narrowed considerably, and collateral requirements declined in most Scoreboard countries. In contrast, alternative sources of finance such as leasing and factoring declined significantly, in part because of the large uptake of credit. Evidence on equity finance shows a resilient venture capital sector, with some fragility in early-stage finance. The thematic chapter of this report assesses the evolution of SME financing support during the crisis, from the rescue to recovery phases. It documents a fall in the level of SME-related support in national recovery packages compared to earlier rescue measures.
Implementation of APRM programme of action on Benin interim reportDr Lendy Spires
The present report assesses the achievements of 2009 in relation to actions
earmarked for the establishment of Good Governance in the country. The report, which relates to the 2009 APRM Report, deals with, apart from
the Codes and Standards, the objectives defined in the NPOA. Consequently, it begins with a general review of the implementation of the latter and, where necessary, identifies relevant factors specific to the country and other factors that have resulted from the mainstreaming of the NPOA in the national development process.
Presentation by Kathleen Burke, John McClelland, and Jennifer Shand, analysts in CBO’s Tax Analysis Division, to the National Association of Legislative Fiscal Offices.
Planning in the region starts with a vision about what we want to be. It is the aspiration of the Filipinos particularly those from SOCCSKSARGEN Region to have a long-term vision for the region and the country as a whole to become a prosperous, predominantly middle class society where no one is poor. The challenge is how every Filipino can afford to have a “matatag, maginhawa at panatag na buhay by 2040.”
A Fundação de Economia e Estatística Siegfried Emanuel Heuser (FEE) divulga os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico (Idese) dos municípios, das microrregiões, dos Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento (Coredes) e do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul referentes ao ano de 2015 e revisa a série histórica 2007-14. O Idese avalia a situação socioeconômica dos municípios gaúchos quanto à educação, à renda e à saúde, considerando aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos do processo de desenvolvimento.
Em 2017, a economia brasileira voltou a apresentar sinais positivos nas suas principais variáveis macroeconômicas, após dois anos nos quais o País atravessou a maior recessão de sua história. Assim, segundo o Instituto Brasileiro de Economia e Estatística (IBGE), o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) apresentou um crescimento de 1,0% em relação a 2016, sendo esse crescimento resultado do incremento tanto da produção agropecuária quanto das indústrias extrativas e de transformação. A inflação, por seu lado, foi significativamente reduzida, ficando, inclusive, ligeiramente abaixo da banda mínima estabelecida pelo regime de metas da inflação. Tal fato permitiu ao Banco Central reduzir substancialmente a taxa nominal de juros. Pelo lado do mercado de trabalho, verificou-se uma redução na taxa de desemprego e um incremento no número de ocupados. No setor externo, o País apresentou o seu maior superávit em dólares na balança comercial, enquanto a taxa de câmbio apresentou pequenas oscilações, em torno de R$ 3,2.
Parte das transformações da estrutura industrial do Brasil (e do Rio Grande do Sul), ao longo das últimas décadas, é vista como pertencente a um processo de desindustrialização. Tal processo caracteriza-se pela perda de participação da indústria de transformação na economia, pela diminuição do adensamento e perda de cadeias produtivas e pela ampliação de setores menos intensivos em tecnologia na estrutura industrial. Esse resultado reflete-se negativamente na capacidade da indústria em liderar e dinamizar o crescimento econômico. Para se analisar como essas mudanças se processaram no interior da indústria gaúcha, este trabalho procura mostrar a evolução da estrutura do valor da transformação industrial (VTI) como proxy do Valor Adicionado entre 2007 e 2015, classificando as indústrias em baixa, média-baixa, média-alta e alta tecnologia, conforme a Organização Para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE).
A evolução dos indicadores do mercado de trabalho na Região mostra que a última década foi marcada pela redução das desigualdades entre mulheres e homens no âmbito laboral. A recessão que atingiu o País no biênio 2015-16, contudo, interrompeu esse processo, manifestando-se de forma mais intensa na elevação da taxa de desemprego entre as mulheres.
De acordo com as informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (PED-RMPA), no ano de 2017 os efeitos da crise ainda se fizeram sentir sobre o mercado de trabalho, a despeito da lenta recuperação observada nos demais indicadores de atividade econômica. O nível ocupacional continuou reduzindo-se, ainda que em ritmo menor do que observado no ano anterior, a taxa de desemprego total apresentou nova elevação, e o rendimento médio real de ocupados e assalariados manteve a trajetória de redução observada nos dois anos anteriores.
Em 2017, de acordo com as informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (PED-RMPA), o mercado de trabalho regional apresentou comportamento adverso pelo terceiro ano consecutivo. A taxa de desemprego total registrou crescimento e o nível ocupacional, retração, com a diminuição de 58 mil pessoas ocupadas. O rendimento médio real dos ocupados e dos assalariados manteve trajetória de redução,
comportamento também verificado nos últimos dois anos.
Dentre os indicadores macroeconômicos, a inflação é um dos que mais atrai a atenção da imprensa e do público. Dado o caráter persistente da inflação no País, muitas vezes, subjugam-se outras variáveis importantes para a economia nacional em prol do seu controle. Atualmente, o principal instrumento em posse do Banco Central do Brasil (BC) para administrar a variação dos preços é a taxa básica de juros.
Os Indicadores de Fluxo da Educação Superior, publicados em janeiro deste ano pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), permitem um mapeamento da trajetória acadêmica do aluno brasileiro do ensino superior no período de 2010 a 2015, o chamado acompanhamento longitudinal. A construção dos indicadores é feita a partir dos dados do Censo da Educação Superior, pesquisa estatística que coleta informações de instituições, cursos, alunos e docentes, além de outros dados que permitem mensurar as características da educação superior no Brasil.
Durante os meses de verão, os municípios do Litoral Norte do RS recebem veranistas e turistas provenientes, principalmente, de outras cidades do Estado. Assim, durante esse período, é necessária uma adaptação na aplicação de recursos públicos e privados, tendo em vista o incremento significativo da população total da região.
Com base nessa necessidade, o presente relatório apresenta uma metodologia que permite estimar a série histórica mensal da população total dos municípios do Litoral Norte do Estado, além de realizar estimativas para finais de semana e feriados durante o verão, apresentando os resultados obtidos.
Um fato estilizado do período após o “grande colapso do comércio” de 2009 e a recuperação de curto prazo de 2010-11 é a “desaceleração do comércio global”. Conforme o gráfico abaixo, no período entre 2000 e 2007 o volume do comércio mundial de bens cresceu em média 6,3% ao ano, enquanto, no intervalo 2012-16, essa variação caiu para 2,2% ao ano.
Municípios industriais foram os mais afetados em ano de crise
A Fundação de Economia e Estatística (FEE) e as demais instituições estaduais, em conjunto e sob a coordenação do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), divulgam o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) dos municípios para 2015 (Referência 2010).
Histórico
A série do PIB dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul foi elaborada por uma metodologia própria da FEE até o ano de 1998. A partir de 1999, as estimativas passaram a ser desenvolvidas em conjunto pela FEE e pelos demais órgãos estaduais de estatística, sob a coordenação do IBGE.
No terceiro trimestre de 2017, contra igual trimestre do ano anterior, o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Rio Grande do Sul apresentou variação nula (0,0%). Esse desempenho foi inferior ao observado no País (1,4%) para o mesmo período. Em sua composição, o Valor Adicionado Bruto (VAB) caiu 0,1%, e os impostos líquidos subiram 0,3%. No Brasil, o VAB apresentou variação positiva de 1,2%, e os impostos líquidos cresceram 2,5%. Entre as grandes atividades, a indústria do Estado apresentou queda (-2,2%), enquanto, no Brasil, cresceu 0,4%. A agropecuária gaúcha apresentou variação negativa no terceiro trimestre (6,6%), enquanto, no País, cresceu 9,1%. Já os serviços totais apresentaram variação positiva de 1,6% no Estado, enquanto, na economia brasileira, essa atividade apresentou crescimento de 1,0%.
Apresentação do Informe da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre para o mês de outubro.
Confira o conteúdo completo em https://www.fee.rs.gov.br/ped/taxa-de-desemprego-aumenta/
Os primeiros sete meses deste ano tiveram um saldo de apenas 262 empregos adicionais no mercado de trabalho formal do Rio Grande do Sul, de acordo com o Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (Caged) do Ministério do Trabalho. Essa virtual estagnação representa o prolongamento — vale dizer, a incapacidade de reação — frente à severa crise econômica, cujos efeitos eclodiram, na esfera ocupacional, no ano de 2015. Nesse ano, segundo a Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), também do Ministério do Trabalho, 103,3 mil postos de trabalho com registro formal foram eliminados no Estado — redução de 3,3%, que interrompeu uma trajetória de mais de 10 anos de crescimento. Entre o final de 2004 e o de 2014, o estoque de empregos formais no mercado gaúcho havia-se elevado 41,8%, com uma expansão de 916 mil postos de trabalho.
As informações captadas pela Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (PED-RMPA), para o mês de julho de 2017, mostram elevação do nível ocupacional e redução da taxa de desemprego. O rendimento médio real referente ao mês de junho de 2017 diminuiu para o total de ocupados, os assalariados e os trabalhadores autônomos.
A partir da nova série de dados do Produto Interno Bruto dos municípios, é possível analisar o desempenho das atividades econômicas dos municípios gaúchos desde 2002 até o dado mais recente, de 2014. Neste trabalho, identifica-se qual foi a atividade de maior participação no Valor Adicionado em cada um dos 497 municípios, e, a partir disso, quais mudanças ocorreram nesse período. As atividades foram classificadas em 36 diferentes grupos, tendo sido a agropecuária aberta em 14; a indústria, em 12 (sendo nove na transformação) e os serviços foram abertos em 10. Optou-se por excluir a administração pública da análise.
Conforme abordado na Carta de Conjuntura de fevereiro deste ano, a análise dos dados da Pesquisa de Inovação (Pintec), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), para o triênio 2012-14, sinalizou a estagnação dos principais indicadores de inovação no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados, divulgados em dezembro de 2016, foram coletados entre julho de 2015 e agosto de 2016. Nas empresas industriais, maior grupo da amostra, as taxas de inovação (produto e processo) e a taxa de intensidade inovativa (razão entre os gastos em atividades de inovação e a receita líquida de vendas) praticamente se mantiveram nos níveis do triênio anterior (2009-11).
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Basic Civil Engineering Notes of Chapter-6, Topic- Ecosystem, Biodiversity Green house effect & Hydrological cycle
Types of Ecosystem
(1) Natural Ecosystem
(2) Artificial Ecosystem
component of ecosystem
Biotic Components
Abiotic Components
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Functions of Ecosystem
Types of Biodiversity
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecological Biodiversity
Importance of Biodiversity
Hydrological Cycle
Green House Effect
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
D2,10.viet nam country practices
1. Vietnam:
Institutional arrangement in GDP
measurement of provenience /city
and national economy and
solution to reconciliation of
differences between national GDP
and regional GDP in Vietnam
Nguyen Van Nong
Deputy Director, SNA Department
GSO, Vietnam
2. Vietnam:
* 331211,6 Sq.km ,
* 86 210,8 thous. pers
* 63 provinces in 6 Regions as below:
+ Red River Delta : 11 Provinces;
+ Northern Midlands and Mountain areas : 14
provinces;
+ North. Central and Central Coastal areas:14
provinces;
+ Central Highlands : 5 provinces;
+ South East : 6 provinces;
+ Mekong River Delta: 13 provinces;
3. I . DEMAND FOR INTEGRATED INDICATORS IN NATIONAL
ACCOUNTS BY REGION (PROVINCE/ CITY)
Based on the social-economic management system in the
country, cities and provinces in Vietnam are given
responsibility for establishment local economic development
plan with own budget. Thus calculation of some integrated
economic indicators of SNA by region/provinces is
necessary to meet the following demands :
Assess economic growth rate and structural development of
the region.
Assess the comparative advantages of the region as well as
protect and manage natural resources, environment
Assess social needs and manage regional budget .
Serve as part of a statistical database for social – economic
development strategy of the whole country.
4. II. institutional arrangement and GDP
ESTIMATION PROCEss OF NATIONAL
ECONOMY AND BY PROVINCE AND
CITY
(called the decentralization process applied from
1994 to 2009)
Currently, GO, GVA/ GDP of national
economy are independently compiled by
central statistical office (GSO) while similar
indicators at local level are compiled by
provincial statistics offices (PSO):
5. 1. Institutional arrangement and GDP measurement
process
a. Calculation of national GDP by GSO:
GDP = GO - IC + import duties, as follows:
* Branch statistics departments are in charge of collecting
information and calculating national GO by kind of industry and
by kind of ownership at current and constant prices to provide
to SNA department for the compilation of national GDP.
* National GVA /GDP at current and constant prices are calculated
on the basis of national GO and input-output or value added-
output ratios by kind of industry and by kind of ownership.
* National GDP at current and constant prices by industry and by
ownership are published quarterly, yearly
b. Calculation of GDP by province and city:
Similar to calculation at national level, identification of RGDP by
province and city is based on production method (RGDP = RGO
– RIC + import duties). These are compiled at the provincial
level by PSO following the same procedures as adopted at the
central level.
6. 2. Achievements and shortcomings
a. Achievements
After 17 years of implementing the compilation of
regional/provincial account indicators at 63 province
and cities, the following key outcomes can be drawn:
a.1. The indicators meet crucial needs of local
governments and regional economic research,
allowing them to evaluate economic growth rate, and
shift in national and local economic structures.
a.2. They serve as the basis to formulate social-
economic development plans and strategies designed
by National and Provincial Assembly.
a.3. GSO has been able to set up the procedures and
and methodology for regional account indicators
compilation.
a.4. GSO has been able to train a large number of
national and provincial accountants.
7. b. Limits and shortcomings
The practice adopted for compiling regional/provincial
account indicators shows the following weaknesses:
low data quality, large discrepancy between national
GO and GDP at one side and RGO and RGDP at the
other side.
b.1 The total of RGDP of 63 provinces is far bigger
than the national figure:
* 5.0% (2005) and 8.2% ( 2007) at current prices;
* 24% (2005) and 32% ( 2007) at constant prices;
b.2 The growth rate of RGDP for 2005 was 2.37 %
higher than the national rate and for 2007 was 2.51%
higher. This means that in 2007, GSO annouced the
growth rate of 8.5% while the provincial average rate
was 11%.
8. c. Causes of the differences:
c.1. Scope and sources of information are not
inconsistent and inadequate as the statistical
unit in Vietnam is the enterprise, and not the
establishment as recommended by the UN:
c.2. Price and price indexes get troubles:
One of the reasons for this is the inconsistency among
provinces in calculating RGDP in constant prices:
Some provinces do not deflate output in current values,
but calculate gross output of Agriculture, Forestly and
Industry in constant prices using a list of fixed price per
output quantity of a base year.
Some provinces, that don’t have their own price index,
use national price indexes constructed by the General
Statistic Office, or price indexes developed by other
provinces.
9. c.3. Independence and objectiveness of
statistics are not respected due to
competition for high achievement of
local governments.
c.4. Compiling procedures and methods
of GDP and RGDP are still inadequate,
inconsistent and there’s lack of closed
cooperation between central level and
local level.
c.5. Statisticians’ qualification is still
limited, particularly at provincial /cities
level.
10. III. SOLUTIONS TO reconile DIFFERENCEs AND
ERRORS BETWEEN NATIONAL GDP AND RGDP
To deal with the above gap, GSO is planning to implement
the following during the 2010 to 2013 period:
1. The first: The GDP and RGDP compilation procedure
remains the mixture of centralization and decentralization,
using the production approach but with important changes
in shared responsibility:
a. For central level (GSO)
GSO are in charge of compiling national GO and GDP. In
data collection, GSO is responsible for calculating and
allocating to provinces and cities GO, IC, GVA and import
duties of corporations, government units and other
organizations which have large scale and multi-
establishments in different provinces (with more than one
establishment situated in various provinces).
11. b. For provincial level (PSO)
PSOs directly collect and calculate GO, GVA of
corporations, local government units, household
businesses, other organizations that operate only
locally. These data are then combined with data
on multi-regional units collected and processed by
GSO.
2. The second: To identify establishments and
ancillary units of multiregional enterprises,
corporations as residents by provinces and cities.
3. The third: National GDP and RGDP at current
and constant prices are published quarterly, yearly
by GSO only.